Probabilistic approaches are increasingly used to assess ship safety, yet confidence in their outputs depends on the assumptions and methods employed. Questions surrounding risk modelling, damage survivability and safety indices highlight the importance of robust evaluation frameworks, ensuring that critical hazards are not overlooked and that safety decisions remain well informed.

Wing-in-ground-effect vehicles offer a promising combination of speed and efficiency by harnessing aerodynamic interactions close to the water surface. Advanced boundary-element modelling is improving understanding of lift, drag and vehicle geometry effects, supporting more effective design optimisation and helping unlock the potential of next-generation high-performance marine transportation systems.

Digital technologies are opening new possibilities for fleet-wide structural health monitoring without extensive onboard instrumentation. By combining vessel position data, wave information and stress-response models, virtual hull monitoring offers a scalable approach to tracking fatigue and structural loads, supporting proactive maintenance, improved asset management and enhanced operational reliability.

Corrosion and structural openings can significantly reduce the load-carrying capacity of critical ship structures. Advanced finite-element modelling, reinforced with probabilistic corrosion simulation, highlights practical strengthening strategies that restore structural performance while balancing weight and cost considerations, supporting more effective maintenance planning and longer service life for ageing marine assets.

Advances in CFD and coupled hydrodynamic modelling are enhancing the prediction of ship resistance and propulsion performance during the early design stages. Integrating RANSE simulations with lifting-line theory enables more informed propeller assessment and optimisation, supporting improved propulsive efficiency, reduced design uncertainty and more effective development of future vessel concepts.

Accurate lightship weight estimation is essential to the efficient design and performance of wind farm support vessels. Parametric modelling, 3D design techniques and statistical analysis are improving the prediction of structural and machinery weights, enabling more reliable early-stage design decisions and supporting the growing demands of the offshore renewable energy sector.

Improving the prediction of ship manoeuvrability is increasingly dependent on the integration of advanced simulation and hydrodynamic modelling techniques. Combining CFD-derived hydrodynamic coefficients with manoeuvring models enables more accurate assessment of vessel handling characteristics, supporting safer operations, reduced design risk and greater confidence in performance evaluation during the design process.

Hydrodynamic interactions remain a key operational challenge during replenishment at sea, where vessel proximity can significantly influence motion and station-keeping performance. Understanding the effects of ship separation and wave conditions is essential for improving operator guidance, reducing operational risk and enhancing the safety and effectiveness of complex naval support operations.

Managing sloshing loads is a critical challenge for floating LNG production and storage facilities, where repeated impacts can threaten cargo tank integrity. Advanced probabilistic assessment and nonlinear structural analysis are improving understanding of damage tolerance, supporting more resilient containment system designs and enhancing confidence in the safe operation of offshore LNG assets.

Reducing frictional resistance remains one of the maritime sector’s most promising routes to lower emissions and operating costs. Microbubble drag reduction is attracting growing interest, with advances in air-lubrication technology and numerical modelling improving understanding of bubble behaviour, system performance and the practical challenges of translating drag reduction into net energy savings.

Engine room reliability depends not only on fault detection but also on understanding how failures propagate across interconnected systems. Advanced cause-and-effect analysis highlights the critical influence of fuel and cooling-system components, supporting more informed maintenance priorities, improved operational resilience and stronger protection against costly equipment failures at sea.

Subsea free-spanning pipelines face complex vibration and stability challenges when exposed to ocean currents and fluid flow. Advanced fluid-structure interaction modelling and analytical techniques are enhancing the prediction of dynamic behaviour across varying support conditions, supporting more reliable infrastructure design, improved integrity management and safer long-term operation of critical subsea assets.